When recession of the gingiva occurs, the body loses a natural defense against both bacterial penetration and trauma. When gum recession is a problem, gum reconstruction using grafting techniques is an option.

When there is only minor recession, some healthy gingiva often remains and protects the tooth, so that no treatment other than modifying home care practices is necessary. However, when recession reaches the mucosa, the first line of defense against bacterial penetration is lost.

In addition, gum recession often results in tooth root sensitivity to hot and cold foods as well as an unsightly appearance of the gum and tooth. Also, gum recession, when significant, can predispose to worsening recession and expose the root surface, which is softer than enamel, leading to root decay and root gouging.

A gingival graft is designed to solve these problems. A thin piece of tissue is taken from the roof of the mouth, or gently moved over from adjacent areas, to provide a stable band of attached root protecting gum or gingiva around the tooth. The gingival graft may be placed in such a way as to cover the exposed portion of the root and restore the normal appearance of the tooth.

The gingival graft procedure is highly predictable. When done with the benefit of a surgical microscope, the procedure is very comfortable, offers superior esthetic results and heals very quickly. Today's microsurgical procedures offer comfort and esthetic results far better than those offered using a conventional surgical approach so prevalent in periodontics for many years.